The Hopi overlay technique uses two layers of sterling silver. The top layer is pierced with clan or symbolic designs, while the bottom layer is oxidised black to create a striking contrast. Developed in the mid‑20th century, the style was shaped by early collaborations between the Museum of Northern Arizona and Hopi artists, leading to a distinct visual identity that was formalised with the Hopi Silvercraft Guild in 1949. Common Hopi symbols include the bear paw (strength), corn stalk (life), cloud and rain (blessing), sun (Sun Kachina), snake (water and fertility), and the migration spiral (the Hopi journey).